A remarkable 50% surge in Capercaillie numbers at the RSPB's Abernethy nature reserve has been recorded over the past five years, offering a glimmer of hope for this critically endangered species. With a population of just over 500 birds, this increase from 20 lekking males in 2021 to 30 in 2025 is a crucial lifeline.
Capercaillie, a large woodland grouse, are native to Scotland's Caledonian pine forests within the UK. Males are easily recognizable with their black feathers featuring a metallic green sheen, fan-shaped tails, and a distinctive "clip-clop" call during their lekking courtship displays, earning them the Gaelic name "horse of the woods."
In contrast, females are much smaller and have a mottled brown, grey, and black plumage. During the lekking season, males gather at traditional sites to perform a captivating display of clicks, pops, and "flutter jumps" to attract females.
Richard Mason, conservation manager at RSPB Scotland Abernethy, attributes this success to their efforts in improving habitat quality. He explains, "The combination of strategic cutting and extensive cattle grazing has significantly enhanced the forest conditions. We're witnessing more chicks reaching full size, and while the Capercaillie's future remains uncertain, we're optimistic that these techniques can contribute to their recovery in Scotland."
Capercaillie numbers have been in a steady decline for decades, with the most recent national survey (2021-2022) estimating a mere 532 individuals remaining. This represents the lowest recorded level since surveys began in 1992-1994 and a 52% decline since the previous survey (2015-2016) when the population stood at 1,114 birds.
Richard acknowledges the ongoing challenges, stating, "There's still a significant amount of work to be done for Capercaillie, not just at RSPB Abernethy but across all Capercaillie sites in Scotland. We understand that recovery is only possible through collaboration and teamwork with others."
He further highlights an exciting development: "We're encouraged to see other land managers dedicated to Capercaillie habitats also implementing innovative vegetation management with support from the Scottish Government's Nature Restoration Fund, managed by the Cairngorms National Park Authority. By enhancing these native pinewood forests, we can collectively strive towards the recovery of this remarkable bird."
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